Cristeros en el siglo XIX La guerra de los Religioneros 1873-76

Abstract

This is a comparative exercise between the two Cristero wars in Mexican history: the one of the 19th century (1873-1876), hardly known, scarcely studied, and the 20th century (1926-1929), subjected in recent years to an intense process historiographic review. Their antecedents and the various moments in the Church-State relationship that led to armed movements are examined and contrasted on both sides. Parallels, convergences and discrepancies are established between the Catholic rebellions of one century and another, according to a series of themes: their warlike aspects, popular support and interaction with civil society, female participation, the presence or absence of the Catholic Church in each case, as well as the ideology that nurtured and promoted them. Finally, the very diverse circumstances that led to the end of the armed stage of both rebellions are confronted; and what happened in both post-Cristiadas, both with the surviving rebels and with the Church and Catholicism, during the Porfiriato and under the Maximato.