Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal (Sep 2022)
Optimal location of accurate HVDC and energy storage devices in a deregulated AGC integrated with PWTS considering HPA-ISE as performance index
Abstract
This article determines the optimal location of accurate high voltage direct current (AHVDC) tie-line and energy storage devices (ESD) on system dynamics of three-area thermal-precise wind turbine systems (PWTS) under the deregulated scenario. The thermal system with an AC tie-line is integrated with PWTS, AHVDC tie-line, and ESD like redox flow battery, ultra-capacitor. A new controller, namely fractional-order proportional-integral and integer-order integral-derivative with filter (FOPI-IDN) is utilized. Its gains are optimized by a meta-heuristic algorithm namely a crow-search algorithm subjecting to a minimization of a new performance index named hybrid peak area - integral squared error (HPA-ISE). The superiority of FOPI-IDN is tested over classical controllers like FOPI, PIDN, and FOPIDN and found to be better than others. A new study has been carried out to compare the performance of HPA-ISE, which shows better performance over ISE. The effect of PWTS is analyzed, and its integration gives better system dynamics. System responses with parallel AC-AHVDC tie-line, ESD explore better performance and improve the system dynamics. Further, the optimum location of ESD and parallel AC-AHVDC are found out in the disturbed area.
