Numerical Study on Gaseous CO₂ Leakage and Thermal Characteristics of Containers in a Transport Ship

Abstract

This study investigates numerically gaseous CO2 leakage characteristics inside the containers of a transport ship and examines thermal effects on the structural damage that might happen in the containers. First, with consideration of the phase change, the ejected mass flow rate was estimated using the commercial code of DNV PHAST. Based on this estimated mass flow rate, we introduced an effective area model for accounting for the fast evaporation of liquefied CO2 occurring in the vicinity of a crack hole. Using this leakage modeling, along with a concept of the effective area, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for analyzing transient three-dimensional characteristics of gas propagation in a confined space with nine containers, as well as the thermal effect on the walls on which the leaking gas impinges, were conducted. The commercial code, ANSYS FLUENT V. 17.0, was used for all CFD simulations. It was found that there are substantial changes in the pressure and temperature of the gas mixture for different crack sizes. The CO2 concentration at human nasal height, a measure of clear height for safety, was also estimated to be higher than the safety threshold of 10% within 200 s. Moreover, very cold gas created by the evaporation of liquefied CO2 can cool the cargo walls rapidly, which might cause thermal damage.

Keywords

• computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
• crack
• gas leakage
• phase change
• propagation
• transport ship