Long-Term Use of Oral Hygiene Products Containing Stannous and Fluoride Ions: Effect on Viable Salivary Bacteria
Anne Brigitte Kruse,
Nadine Schlueter,
Viktoria Konstanze Kortmann,
Cornelia Frese,
Annette Anderson,
Annette Wittmer,
Elmar Hellwig,
Kirstin Vach,
Ali Al-Ahmad
Affiliations
Anne Brigitte Kruse
Department of Operative Dentistry & Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Nadine Schlueter
Division for Cariology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Viktoria Konstanze Kortmann
Department of Operative Dentistry & Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Cornelia Frese
Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, Department of Conservative Dentistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Annette Anderson
Department of Operative Dentistry & Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Annette Wittmer
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Elmar Hellwig
Department of Operative Dentistry & Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
Kirstin Vach
Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Ali Al-Ahmad
Department of Operative Dentistry & Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
The aim of this randomized, controlled clinical trial was to isolate and identify viable microorganisms in the saliva of study participants that continuously used a stannous and fluoride ion (F/Sn)-containing toothpaste and mouth rinse over a period of three years in comparison to a control group that used stannous ion free preparations (noF/Sn) over the same time period. Each group (F/Sn and noF/Sn) included 16 participants that used the respective oral hygiene products over a 36-month period. Stimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after 36 months (T1) from all participants for microbiological examination. The microbial composition of the samples was analyzed using culture technique, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI–TOF) mass spectrometry, and 16S rDNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). There were only minor differences between both groups when comparing the absolute values of viable microbiota and bacterial composition. The treatment with F/Sn led to a slight decrease in disease-associated and a slight increase in health-associated bacteria. It was shown that the use of stannous ions had no negative effects on physiological oral microbiota even after prolonged use. In fact, a stabilizing effect of the oral hygiene products containing stannous ions on the health-associated oral microbiota could be expected.
