Features and Advantages of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Extraction of Sea Cucumber <i>Cucumaria frondosa japonica</i> Semper, 1868
Alexander Zakharenko,
Denis Romanchenko,
Pham Duc Thinh,
Konstantin Pikula,
Cao Thi Thuy Hang,
Wenpeng Yuan,
Xuekui Xia,
Vladimir Chaika,
Valery Chernyshev,
Svetlana Zakharenko,
Mayya Razgonova,
Gyuhwa Chung,
Kirill Golokhvast
Affiliations
Alexander Zakharenko
School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
Denis Romanchenko
School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
Pham Duc Thinh
NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, VAST, Nhatrang, Nha Trang City 57000, Vietnam
Konstantin Pikula
School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
Cao Thi Thuy Hang
NhaTrang Institute of Technology Research and Application, VAST, Nhatrang, Nha Trang City 57000, Vietnam
Wenpeng Yuan
Heze Branch, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province China, Heze 274008, China
Xuekui Xia
Key Laboratory for Biosensor of Shandong Province, Biology Institute, Jinan 250013, China
Vladimir Chaika
School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
Valery Chernyshev
School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
Svetlana Zakharenko
N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia
Mayya Razgonova
N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Sankt-Peterburg, Russia
Gyuhwa Chung
Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
Kirill Golokhvast
School of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
Extraction process of Cucumaria frondosa japonica Semper, 1868, which are subspecies of Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1767), were studied. It was shown that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of holothuria was more effective than conventional solvent extraction. Step-by-step extraction with carbon dioxide followed by supercritical extraction with the addition of a co-solvent of ethanol can almost double the yields of extracts of triterpene glycosides, styrenes and carotenoids. Moreover, the fraction of triterpene glycosides practically does not contain colored impurities, in contrast to traditional ethanol extraction. The obtained extracts by HPLC in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) identified 15 triterpene glycosides, 18 styrene compounds and 14 carotenoids. Supercritical extraction made it possible to obtain extracts with yields superior to conventional hexane and alcohol extracts. Moreover, such an approach with the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and subsequent profiling of metabolites can help with the study of holothuria species that are not as well studied.
