Post-earthquake drinking water quality in the Kathmandu valley: A pilot study

Abstract

Background and Objective: Present pilot study was undertaken to analyze water quality in the Kathmandu valley after massive earthquake of 25 April 2015. The water samples were collected from different sources viz. deep boring, dug well, stone spout, and spring water. Method: Sample analysis was carried out for microbiological parameters such as E. coli and Total Coliform (TC) bacteria. The bacterial population (E. coli TC) was enumerated using microfiltration method. Result: The results showed that more than 90 percent samples are contaminated with E. coli and TC bacteria. The microbial count ranges from 01 CFU to >300 CFU per 100 mL of water. These values exceed the Nepal national drinking water quality guidelines. Maximum E. coli (>300 CFU/mL) were estimated in dug well, while >300 coliform were enumerated in spring water. Conclusions: Water containing E. coli and coliform bacteria beyond the guidelines cannot be used for drinking purpose until treated using suitable methods. This study results may be considered as a first report on the problem, immediately after the disaster and have lacuna in sampling process due to post disaster situation in this area. The report will enable policy holders to initiate more sanitation programs and other activities in this region. Further elaborated studies covering all disaster location sites in detail manner should be undertaken to give more insights into the problem.

Keywords

• Bacterial contamination
• Drinking water
• Treatment
• Waterborne diseases