Recent progress of drug therapy in status epilepticus

Abstract

Status epilepticus (SE) is a critical and emergency condition in internal medicine and neurology. Recently, the concepts, definition, and classification of SE are revised, followed by renew of the protocol of management of SE. High level of evidence for the first and second⁃line antiepileptic seizure medicine (ASM) are available. The new studies for treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super⁃refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) are appeared but evidence for these are still very low. In new⁃onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) patients without obvious cause after initial assessment, an underlying auto⁃immune cause was frequently found. Early immune therapy is then recommended by experts. Newer ASM such as brivaracetam (BRV), perampanel (PER), and lacosamide (LCM) may be considered to apply in RSE and SRSE. Based on current evidence, two different treatment regimens are proposed to avoid brain damages secondary to seizure activity. We are going to state above topics in this review in order to provide better therapeutic schedule.

Keywords

• status epilepticus
• drug therapy
• review