BMC Medical Education (Jan 2003)

The role of strategy and redundancy in diagnostic reasoning

  • Feller Sabine,
  • Hofer Daniel,
  • Bloch Ralph F,
  • Hodel Maria

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-3-1
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 3, no. 1
p. 1

Abstract

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Abstract Background Diagnostic reasoning is a key competence of physicians. We explored the effects of knowledge, practice and additional clinical information on strategy, redundancy and accuracy of diagnosing a peripheral neurological defect in the hand based on sensory examination. Method Using an interactive computer simulation that includes 21 unique cases with seven sensory loss patterns and either concordant, neutral or discordant textual information, 21 3rd year medical students, 21 6th year and 21 senior neurology residents each examined 15 cases over the course of one session. An additional 23 psychology students examined 24 cases over two sessions, 12 cases per session. Subjects also took a seven-item MCQ exam of seven classical patterns presented visually. Results Knowledge of sensory patterns and diagnostic accuracy are highly correlated within groups (R2 = 0.64). The total amount of information gathered for incorrect diagnoses is no lower than that for correct diagnoses. Residents require significantly fewer tests than either psychology or 6th year students, who in turn require fewer than the 3rd year students (p Conclusions Knowledge and practice are both important for diagnostic success. For complex diagnostic situations reasoning components employing redundancy seem more essential than those using strategy.

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