An In Vitro and In Silico Study of the Enhanced Antiproliferative and Pro-Oxidant Potential of <i>Olea europaea</i> L. cv. Arbosana Leaf Extract via Elastic Nanovesicles (Spanlastics)
Taghreed S. Alnusaire,
Ahmed M. Sayed,
Abeer H. Elmaidomy,
Mohammad M. Al-Sanea,
Sarah Albogami,
Mha Albqmi,
Bassam F. Alowaiesh,
Ehab M. Mostafa,
Arafa Musa,
Khayrya A. Youssif,
Hesham Refaat,
Eman M. Othman,
Thomas Dandekar,
Eman Alaaeldin,
Mohammed M. Ghoneim,
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Affiliations
Taghreed S. Alnusaire
Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed M. Sayed
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
Abeer H. Elmaidomy
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
Sarah Albogami
Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Mha Albqmi
Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, P.O. Box 756 Alqurayyat, Saudi Arabia
Bassam F. Alowaiesh
Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
Ehab M. Mostafa
Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
Arafa Musa
Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
Khayrya A. Youssif
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11865, Egypt
Hesham Refaat
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
Eman M. Othman
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
Thomas Dandekar
Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
Eman Alaaeldin
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
Mohammed M. Ghoneim
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
The olive tree is a venerable Mediterranean plant and often used in traditional medicine. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Olea europaea L. cv. Arbosana leaf extract (OLE) and its encapsulation within a spanlastic dosage form on the improvement of its pro-oxidant and antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 human cancer cell lines. The LC-HRESIMS-assisted metabolomic profile of OLE putatively annotated 20 major metabolites and showed considerable in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines with IC50 values of 9.2 ± 0.8, 7.1 ± 0.9, and 6.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL, respectively. The encapsulation of OLE within a (spanlastic) nanocarrier system, using a spraying method and Span 40 and Tween 80 (4:1 molar ratio), was successfully carried out (size 41 ± 2.4 nm, zeta potential 13.6 ± 2.5, and EE 61.43 ± 2.03%). OLE showed enhanced thermal stability, and an improved in vitro antiproliferative effect against HepG-2, MCF-7, and Caco-2 (IC50 3.6 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.1, and 1.8 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively) in comparison to the unprocessed extract. Both preparations were found to exhibit pro-oxidant potential inside the cancer cells, through the potential inhibitory activity of OLE against glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase (IC50 1.18 ± 0.12 and 2.33 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively). These inhibitory activities were proposed via a comprehensive in silico study to be linked to the presence of certain compounds in OLE. Consequently, we assume that formulating such a herbal extract within a suitable nanocarrier would be a promising improvement of its therapeutic potential.
