F1000Research (Sep 2022)
Perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 among community members of low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
- Samsul Anwar,
- Mudatsir Mudatsir,
- Youdiil Ophinni,
- Chika Yamada,
- Amanda Yufika,
- Khaoula Aloui,
- Manel Ferjani,
- Wajdi Kacem,
- Rawan Raad,
- Namareg ME. Khiri,
- Khan Sharun,
- Mahir Gachabayov,
- Lirane ED. Ferreto,
- María FC. Briones,
- Marhami Fahriani,
- Sunil Anandu,
- Harapan Harapan,
- Md Ariful Haque,
- Zeineb Teyeb,
- Suhrud Panchawagh,
- Dalia A. Deeb,
- Dina Emad,
- Irfan Ullah,
- Najma I. Malik,
- Elham Babadi,
- Edris Kakemam,
- Abiodun Durosinmi,
- Esther N. Adejumo,
- Rocío BI. Morales,
- Sebastián Lazcano-Díaz,
- Kirellos Said Abbas,
- Nasrine Ben Hadj Dahman,
- Farah S. Sami,
- Fatma A. Monib,
- Mohajer IH. Ismaeil,
- Guilherme W. Wendt,
- Rashed Y. Adam,
- Morteza Arab-Zozani,
- Montacer Hafsi,
- Asma Y. Ismail,
- Talha B. Emran,
- Rashed YA. Abdalla,
- Daniel M. Felsenreich,
- Eyiuche D. Ezigbo,
- Firzan Nainu,
- Akele R. Yomi,
- Eva Imelda,
- Francesco Rosiello,
- Kuldeep Dhama,
- Cut Meurah Yeni,
- Hendrix I. Kusuma,
- Seyi S. Enitan,
- Niken Asri Utami,
- José TO. Aburto,
- Subramaniam Ramanarayanan,
- Emmanuel O. Balogun,
- Jorge ET. Rojas,
- Milda Husnah
Affiliations
- Samsul Anwar
- ORCiD
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Mudatsir Mudatsir
- ORCiD
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Youdiil Ophinni
- ORCiD
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02139, USA
- Chika Yamada
- Department of Environmental Coexistence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
- Amanda Yufika
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Khaoula Aloui
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
- Manel Ferjani
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, 4180, Tunisia
- Wajdi Kacem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
- Rawan Raad
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Medicine and General Surgery, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, 407, Sudan
- Namareg ME. Khiri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Omdurman, 11111, Sudan
- Khan Sharun
- ORCiD
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
- Mahir Gachabayov
- ORCiD
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, 600014, Russian Federation
- Lirane ED. Ferreto
- Department of Public Health and Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, 85601-970, Brazil
- María FC. Briones
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
- Marhami Fahriani
- ORCiD
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Sunil Anandu
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
- Harapan Harapan
- ORCiD
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Md Ariful Haque
- ORCiD
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
- Zeineb Teyeb
- ORCiD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
- Suhrud Panchawagh
- ORCiD
- Department of General Medicine, Smt. KashibaiNavale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India
- Dalia A. Deeb
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-sharkia, 44519, Egypt
- Dina Emad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Nasr City, Cairo, 1181, Egypt
- Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
- Najma I. Malik
- ORCiD
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Elham Babadi
- Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 14604, USA
- Edris Kakemam
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516599001, Iran
- Abiodun Durosinmi
- ORCiD
- State Hospital, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, 120101, Nigeria
- Esther N. Adejumo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, 121103, Nigeria
- Rocío BI. Morales
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
- Sebastián Lazcano-Díaz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
- Kirellos Said Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt
- Nasrine Ben Hadj Dahman
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
- Farah S. Sami
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Nasr City, Cairo, 1181, Egypt
- Fatma A. Monib
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
- Mohajer IH. Ismaeil
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Medicine, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, 13311, Sudan
- Guilherme W. Wendt
- ORCiD
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, 85601-970, Brazil
- Rashed Y. Adam
- Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, 00000, Sudan
- Morteza Arab-Zozani
- ORCiD
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 97, Iran
- Montacer Hafsi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
- Asma Y. Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, 12769, Sudan
- Talha B. Emran
- ORCiD
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
- Rashed YA. Abdalla
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
- Daniel M. Felsenreich
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Eyiuche D. Ezigbo
- ORCiD
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 40006, Nigeria
- Firzan Nainu
- ORCiD
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
- Akele R. Yomi
- ORCiD
- Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, 360102, Nigeria
- Eva Imelda
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Francesco Rosiello
- ORCiD
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
- Kuldeep Dhama
- ORCiD
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
- Cut Meurah Yeni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Hendrix I. Kusuma
- ORCiD
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Seyi S. Enitan
- ORCiD
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, 121103, Nigeria
- Niken Asri Utami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- José TO. Aburto
- ORCiD
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
- Subramaniam Ramanarayanan
- ORCiD
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Nellikuzhi, Kothamangalam, Kerala, 686691, India
- Emmanuel O. Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, 2222, Nigeria
- Jorge ET. Rojas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
- Milda Husnah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 11
Abstract
Background: Risk perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are considered important as they impact community health behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 and to assess the factors associated with such risk perceptions among community members in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa, Asia, and South America. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 LMICs in Africa, Asia, and South America from February to May 2021. A questionnaire was utilized to assess the perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 and its plausible determinants. A logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with such risk perceptions. Results: A total of 1,646 responses were included in the analysis of the perceived risk of becoming infected and dying from COVID-19. Our data suggested that 36.4% of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, while only 22.4% had a perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Being a woman, working in healthcare-related sectors, contracting pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, as well as seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV were all associated with a higher perceived risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. In addition, being a woman, elderly, having heart disease and pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, and seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV had a higher perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Conclusions: The perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 are relatively low among respondents; this suggests the need to conduct health campaigns to disseminate knowledge and information on the ongoing pandemic.
