Revealing the impact of ammonium ions from different low-dimensional perovskite structures on the film formation and degradation mechanism of FAPbI3 via sequential deposition
Yafei Wang,
Shihao Yuan,
Rongsen Feng,
Zecheng Diao,
Jie Huang,
Jiacai Liao,
Siraj Sidhik,
Xinting Shuai,
Meicong Wang,
Tao Zou,
Zhongwei Liang,
Ting Zhang,
Aditya D. Mohite,
Shibin Li
Affiliations
Yafei Wang
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Shihao Yuan
State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, and School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
Rongsen Feng
School of Electronics and Communication, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Zecheng Diao
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Jie Huang
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Jiacai Liao
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Siraj Sidhik
Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
Xinting Shuai
Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
Meicong Wang
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Tao Zou
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Zhongwei Liang
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
Ting Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, and School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
Aditya D. Mohite
Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
Shibin Li
State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, and School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
In recent years, the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite community has been widely employed as the photo-active layer in optical-electronic devices. The black α-phase formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) is the most popular perovskite for realizing high-efficiency solar cells due to its suitable bandgap. However, the issue of stability is also a concern in the research on FAPbI3 solar cells. In this study, different ammonium ions, such as butylamine (BA), guanidine (GA), and butylene diamine (BDA), which are commonly used to construct two-dimensional perovskites, including Ruddlesden–Popper, Dion–Jacobson, and alternating cations in the interlayer space, respectively, were introduced in the fabrication of FAPbI3 using a sequential deposition method. Several structures of PbI2 precursor films were formed by introducing the aforementioned ions, which exhibited different arrangements and connection modes in lead iodides. BA-PbI2 precursor films exhibited higher specific surface areas, which were beneficial to the diffusion, ion exchange, and sequential reaction of FA+. The BDA-PbI2 precursor film slowed down the sequential reaction of FAPbI3 because of reduced van der Waals bonds. The nucleation dynamics and degradation processes of perovskites were deeply investigated in this study. Solar cells based on BA-PbI2, GA-PbI2, and BDA-PbI2 were also fabricated.
