Научно-практическая ревматология (Jul 2016)

MYOSITIS ASSOCIATED WITH MALIGNANT TUMORS

  • O. A. Antelava,
  • A. N. Khelkovskaya-Sergeeva,
  • N. V. Chichasova,
  • S. G. Radenska-Lopovok,
  • S. I. Glukhova

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2016-289-298
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 54, no. 3
pp. 289 – 298

Abstract

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Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of acquired systemic diseases mainly involving skeletal muscles. The main representatives of IIM are polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Epidemiological surveys demonstrate that there is a relationship between PM/DM and malignant neoplasms (MNs), the detection risk of which is higher than that in the population of respective age groups. The rate of MNs in PM/DM ranges from 9 to 50%. The relationship to MNs is described in each subtype of IIM; however, these are most common in DM. The patients suffering from PM/DM associated with MNs have a worse prognosis than those without MNs. The early detection of MNs could improve the prognosis in these patients. The investigations published identify demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors increasing MN detection risks in patients with PM/DM. Just the same, they all cover small patient groups; the findings are heterogeneous and not well convincing, which calls for a further larger-scale study of this problem.Objective: to reveal and identify the specific features of paraneoplastic myositis (PnM).Subjects and methods. The investigation included 320 patients with a valid diagnosis of IIM, who had been followed up in the period of 1996 to 2016. The patients underwent laboratory tests, manual proximal muscle strength testing using a 10-point scale and electromyographic examination with needle electrodes.Results and discussion. PnM was detected in 32 (10%) of the 320 patients with IIM. Among the patients with PnM, there were 6 (19%) men and 26 (81%) women. The mean age at the onset of PnM was 55.4 years. PnM manifested with characteristic musculocutaneous syndrome in 19 (59%) patients; 18 (41%) of them were found to have MNs within the first year after disease onset. The manifestation of MNs was preliminary to the picture of PM/DM in 13 (41%) patients. The most commonly detected conditions were ovarian cancer (37.5%), MNs of the lung and breast (15%); next were MNs of the intestine (12.5%), blood (6.3%), uterus (6%), and stomach (3.1%). The median survival was 5 years in patients with PnM.

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