Enhancing Geopolymer Mix Optimization: Integration of the Plackett–Burman Method and Response Surface Methodology for Sustainable Construction Materials

Abstract

Nowadays, construction industries are using flyash as a potential alternative for cement. Due to its improved mechanical properties, ecofriendly nature, and low cost, geopolymer technology makes use of flyash as a promising future binder material. In this paper, 7 factors such as liquid-to-flyash ratio, silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, curing temperature, curing period, concentration of NaOH (molarity), rest period prior to curing, and dosage of superplasticizer that influence the compressive strength and temperature drop are screened using the Plackett–Burman method for optimization. Here, compressive strength and temperature drop are taken as the main indices of response to analyze the parameters. The significant variables determined from the Plackett–Burman design are further considered for the process of optimization using the response surface methodology. From the analysis, the optimum values of 0.4071 liquid-to-flyash ratio, 2.5 silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, and 6 hours curing period give maximum compressive strength and temperature drop of 28.87 MPa and 5.3°C under the optimized medium in the validation experiment which varies by only 3.93% and 1.85% from the observed value of 27.20 MPa and 5.4°C.