Bioactive Molecules Derived from Plants in Managing Dengue Vector <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Linn.)
Sridhar Shanmuga Priya,
Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan,
Ammar B. Altemimi,
Ramji Keerthana,
Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan,
Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan,
Kandasamy Kalaivani,
Nainarpandian Chandrasekar,
Sengodan Karthi,
Raja Ganesan,
Zina T. Alkanan,
Tarun Pal,
Om Prakash Verma,
Jarosław Proćków
Affiliations
Sridhar Shanmuga Priya
Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education Research, Chennai 600077, India
Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical 17 and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, India
Ammar B. Altemimi
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
Ramji Keerthana
Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore 560059, India
Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan
Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, India
Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
Division of Bio-Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for 14 Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 15, Tirunelveli 627412, India
Kandasamy Kalaivani
Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam 627802, India
Nainarpandian Chandrasekar
Centre for Geo–Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli 627012, India
Sengodan Karthi
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
Raja Ganesan
Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
Zina T. Alkanan
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
Tarun Pal
Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, India
Om Prakash Verma
Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India
Jarosław Proćków
Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
Mosquitoes are the potential vectors of several viral diseases such as filariasis, malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Zika fever and encephalitis in humans as well as other species. Dengue, the most common mosquito-borne disease in humans caused by the dengue virus is transmitted by the vector Ae. aegypti. Fever, chills, nausea and neurological disorders are the frequent symptoms of Zika and dengue. Thanks to various anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, industrialized farming and poor drainage facilities there has been a significant rise in mosquitoes and vector-borne diseases. Control measures such as the destruction of mosquito breeding places, a reduction in global warming, as well as the use of natural and chemical repellents, mainly DEET, picaridin, temephos and IR-3535 have proven to be effective in many instances. Although potent, these chemicals cause swelling, rashes, and eye irritation in adults and children, and are also toxic to the skin and nervous system. Due to their shorter protection period and harmful nature towards non-target organisms, the use of chemical repellents is greatly reduced, and more research and development is taking place in the field of plant-derived repellents, which are found to be selective, biodegradable and harmless to non-target species. Many tribal and rural communities across the world have been using plant-based extracts since ancient times for various traditional and medical purposes, and to ward off mosquitoes and various other insects. In this regard, new species of plants are being identified through ethnobotanical surveys and tested for their repellency against Ae. aegypti. This review aims to provide insight into many such plant extracts, essential oils and their metabolites, which have been tested for their mosquitocidal activity against different life cycle forms of Ae. Aegypti, as well as for their efficacy in controlling mosquitoes.
