PLoS ONE (Jan 2013)

Proof of concept, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the effect of simvastatin on the course of age-related macular degeneration.

  • Robyn H Guymer,
  • Paul N Baird,
  • Mary Varsamidis,
  • Lucy Busija,
  • Peter N Dimitrov,
  • Khin Zaw Aung,
  • Galina A Makeyeva,
  • Andrea J Richardson,
  • Lyndell Lim,
  • Liubov D Robman

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083759
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 8, no. 12
p. e83759

Abstract

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BackgroundHMG Co-A reductase inhibitors are ubiquitous in our community yet their potential role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains to be determined.Methodology/principal findingsObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of simvastatin on AMD progression and the effect modification by polymorphism in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and complement factor H (CFH) genes.DesignA proof of concept double-masked randomized controlled study.Participants114 participants aged 53 to 91 years, with either bilateral intermediate AMD or unilateral non-advanced AMD (with advanced AMD in fellow eye), BCVA ≥ 20/60 in at least one eye, and a normal lipid profile.InterventionSimvastatin 40 mg/day or placebo, allocated 1:1.Main outcome measuresProgression of AMD either to advanced AMD or in severity of non-advanced AMD. Results. The cumulative AMD progression rates were 70% in the placebo and 54% in the simvastatin group. Intent to treat multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, smoking and baseline AMD severity, showed a significant 2-fold decrease in the risk of progression in the simvastatin group: OR 0.43 (0.18-0.99), p = 0.047. Post-hoc analysis stratified by baseline AMD severity showed no benefit from treatment in those who had advanced AMD in the fellow eye before enrolment: OR 0.97 (0.27-3.52), p = 0.96, after adjusting for age, sex and smoking. However, there was a significant reduction in the risk of progression in the bilateral intermediate AMD group compared to placebo [adjusted OR 0.23 (0.07-0.75), p = 0.015]. The most prominent effect was observed amongst those who had the CC (Y402H) at risk genotype of the CFH gene [OR 0.08 (0.02-0.45), p = 0.004]. No evidence of harm from simvastatin intervention was detected.Conclusion/significanceSimvastatin may slow progression of non-advanced AMD, especially for those with the at risk CFH genotype CC (Y402H). Further exploration of the potential use of statins for AMD, with emphasis on genetic subgroups, is warranted.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN1260500032065.