Species of genera Botrytis, Fusarium and Rhizopus on grapes of the Slovak origin

Abstract

Our research was focused to identify the Botrytis, Fusarium and Rhizopus species from grapes of the Slovak origin. A further goal of the project was to characterized toxinogenic potential of chosen strains of species Fusarium. 50 samples of grapes, harvested in years 2011, 2012 and 2013 from various wine-growing regions were analyzed in this study. For the isolation of species the of direct plating method was used: a) surface-sterilized berries (using 1% freshly pre-pared chlorine) b) berries and c) damaged berries on DRBC (Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar). For each analysis were used 50 berries (or all damaged berries from sample). The cultivation was carried at 25 ±1°C, for 5 to 7 days in dark. After incubation, the colonies of Botrytis, Fusarium and Rhizopus were transferred to identification media and after incubation strains were identified to species level.  Thirteen species of fusaria (F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans F. tricinctum and F. verticilioides) were identified. Frequency of fusaria isolation was 92 %. Botrytis cinerea was determined from 86% samples and Rhizopus from 94%. Chosen strains of species of genus Fusarium were able to produce following mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol in in vitro conditions as determinated by thin-layer chromatography. Thirty-two (68%) of tested isolates of Fusarium species were able to produce at least one mycotoxin.

Keywords

• Botrytris
• Fusarium
• Rhizopus
• grapes
• trichothecenes