Remineralizing Potential of Natural Nano-Hydroxyapatite Obtained from <i>Epinephelus chlorostigma</i> in Artificially Induced Early Enamel Lesion: An In Vitro Study
Ashwathi Mathirat,
Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
Ashwini Prabhu,
Yashaswini Devi G.V.,
Sukumaran Anil,
Kalimuthu Senthilkumar,
Gi Hun Seong,
Sharan S. Sargod,
Sham S. Bhat,
Jayachandran Venkatesan
Affiliations
Ashwathi Mathirat
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Pandurang Appana Dalavi
Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Ashwini Prabhu
Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Yashaswini Devi G.V.
Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Sukumaran Anil
Department of Dentistry, Oral Health Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
Kalimuthu Senthilkumar
Central Research Laboratory, Swamy Vivekananda Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Namakkal 637205, Tamilnadu, India
Gi Hun Seong
Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, Korea
Sharan S. Sargod
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Sham S. Bhat
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Jayachandran Venkatesan
Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
Dental caries is a common problem in adolescents, leading to permanent loss of teeth or cavitation. Caries is a continuous process wherein demineralization and remineralization occur regularly. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the most biocompatible and bioactive materials, as it closely resembles the mineral composition of teeth. The present study deals with isolating hydroxyapatite from fish bone (Epinephelus chlorostigma) by alkaline hydrolysis and thermal calcination. The isolated nano HA was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM-EDX, and HR-TEM analysis. The nano HA isolated by alkaline hydrolysis is nontoxic, and the cells are viable. The isolated HA enhances the proliferation of L929 cells. The remineralization potential of the extracted nano HA was evaluated in healthy premolars by DIAGNOdent/laser fluorescence quantification, surface microhardness test, and SEM-EDX analysis. Surface morphological observations in SEM and EDX analyses show that thermally calcined HA and alkali-treated HA can induce mineralization and deposit minerals. Therefore, HA obtained from Epinephelus chlorostigma could be a potential biomaterial for treating early caries.
