Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Neonates Born to Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 Infection (MIS-N) and in Neonates and Infants Younger Than 6 Months with Acquired COVID-19 (MIS-C): A Systematic Review
Domenico Umberto De Rose,
Flaminia Pugnaloni,
Monica Calì,
Sara Ronci,
Stefano Caoci,
Chiara Maddaloni,
Ludovica Martini,
Alessandra Santisi,
Andrea Dotta,
Cinzia Auriti
Affiliations
Domenico Umberto De Rose
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Flaminia Pugnaloni
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Monica Calì
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Sara Ronci
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Stefano Caoci
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Chiara Maddaloni
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Ludovica Martini
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Alessandra Santisi
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Andrea Dotta
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
Cinzia Auriti
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus—Newborn—Infant, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
(1) Introduction: There is an increasing literature describing neonates born to mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection (MIS-N) and infants infected with SARS-CoV-2 who presented with a severe disease (MIS-C). (2) Methods: To investigate clinical features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates and infants under six months of age, we used a systematic search to retrieve all relevant publications in the field. We screened in PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus for data published until 10 October 2021. (3) Results: Forty-eight articles were considered, including 29 case reports, six case series and 13 cohort studies. Regarding clinical features, only 18.2% of MIS-N neonates presented with fever; differently from older children with MIS-C, in which gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common manifestation, we displayed that cardiovascular dysfunction and respiratory distress are the prevalent findings both in neonates with MIS-N and in neonates/infants with MIS-C. (4) Conclusions: We suggest that all infants with suspected inflammatory disease should undergo echocardiography, due to the possibility of myocardial dysfunction and damage to the coronary arteries observed both in neonates with MIS-N and in neonates/infants with MIS-C. Moreover, we also summarize how they were treated and provide a therapeutic algorithm to suggest best management of these fragile infants.
