‘I want to ski and race, not just ski’: a qualitative study on athletes’ and stakeholders’ perspectives on return-to-sport in high-performance Snowsports

Abstract

This study explored stakeholders’ perspectives on current practices, challenges and opportunities related to the return-to-sport (RTS) process in high-performance Snowsports. We conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews with athletes, coaches and health professionals from multiple countries using online video platforms. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed based on constant comparative analysis employing the principles of Grounded Theory. Codes were grouped into categories and main concepts and a conceptual model were derived. According to the participants, RTS should be considered a continuous process to bring the athlete back to competition as fast and safely as possible, whereas speed is often prioritised over safety. Participants described the need for a structured and criteria-based process. Despite the multiple phases and the diversity of involved professionals, the process is individualised and unique, highlighting the value of having the athlete at the centre of the RTS process. It was considered essential to provide a safe environment and build trustworthy relationships. Additionally, access to resources, communication and cooperation among all experts was perceived as critical to successful RTS. Our participants described the value of continuity and an athlete-centred approach to the RTS process. The challenges, such as interprofessional communication, the lack of objective sport-specific criteria, and the diversity of resources and network structures, were perceived as practical issues that influenced the process, which should be tailored for each athlete accordingly to reach a successful RTS.