Where do liver injuries stand in the post-COVID-19 era? A review of the connection between long COVID and liver diseases

Abstract

Context: The uninterrupted dissemination and transmission of COVID-19 brought enormous jeopardy and public-health urgency during past three years. Some patients, who recovered from the infection, develop persistent symptoms and organ dysfunction for weeks or even months; conditions that are called long COVID. Among multiple COVID-related complications, positive individuals suffer from lesser to greater degrees of intrahepatic and extrahepatic complications that principally mediated by ACE2 receptors. Evidence acquisition: We reviewed manuscripts from PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science on underlying COVID-19-linked clinical relevance and potential pathogenesis of liver complications during short COVID, as well as long COVID with no time limitation. Results: Liver impairment needs a large-scale and persistent follow-up as it may be multivariate in nature. During COVID-19, physicians must assess whether hepatopathy is associated with hepatic disorders, medications utilized for the COVID-19 therapy, viral antigenic outcomes progression to a complicated course. In the context of COVID-19, physicians report that potential pathophysiological approaches to hepatic failure in critical patients further could be leading to deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury. These complications might be either reversible, or irreversible with extended manifestations that mostly occur as a consequence of long COVID in the post-COVID era. Moreover, pre-existing cardiovascular and digestive tract problems tend to be highly correlated with adverse clinical outcomes and the highest fatality rate. Potential drug-disease interactions adversely influencing COVID-19 subjects and persistent comorbidities are also getting a major consideration. Conclusion: The assessment of whether the upshot of hepatic-associated co-morbidities in COVID-19 status can improve an acceptable personalized therapeutic strategy considering these specific tropisms.

Keywords

• covid-19 infection
• hepatic diseases
• post-covid syndrome