Bone mineral density & bone mineral content in Saudi children, risk factors and early detection of their affection using dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan

Abstract

Objectives: Optimization of bone health is a very important concern now a day. Achievement of optimal peak bone mineral mass is the best means of preventing osteoporosis in adulthood. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become the basis for the evaluation of skeletal health in all ages. The aim of the work: This work aims to assess bone parameters in Alhasa children, Saudi Arabia. Patient & methods: A Cross-sectional survey study involves 126 healthy children (83) boys & (43) girls. Their ages range from (3–15 years). Results: The mean of Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were (0.915 ± 0.34 & 0.795 ± 0.133) (43.93 ± 29.4 & 37.63 ± 11.2) in boys and in girls respectively. These values were lower than other areas in Saudi Arabia. BMD & BMC are statistically significant positive correlation with age in both sex, (r = 0.567 P = 0.000 & r = 0.57 P < 0.001) and (r = 0.831, P = 0.000 & r = 0.818 P < 0.001) respectively. Level of BMD & BMC acquisition were more in boys than girls in all age groups especially group (12–15 years). The mean Z score shows significant steady decrease with age in both sexes. Height, Weight, BMI, showed significant positive correlations with changes in BMD & BMC. While Calcium level and Vitamin D level showed negative correlations. Conclusion: The average BMD & BMC in Saudi children is less than that of other races. It shows no significant difference with other Saudi population. Height, weight, BMI Calcium level and Vitamin D level can predict the changes in the BMC & BMD.

Keywords

• Bone mineral density
• Bone mineral contents
• Dexa scan
• Children
• Saudi Arabia