Determination of the Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Some Alcoholic Extracts of <i>Levisticum officinale</i> with Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Applications

Abstract

Levisticum officinale (lovage) is an aromatic and medicinal plant traditionally used for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from leaves, roots and the whole plant, as well as to develop hydrogels with pharmaceutical potential. The hydroalcoholic extracts (70% ethanol) were characterized by spectrophotometric and HPLC-DAD methods to determine the total content of phenolic compounds, phenolic acids, flavonoids and condensed tannins. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods. The extracts were included in 2% carbopol-based hydrogels and tested for stability and antioxidant efficacy. The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves showed the highest content of total phenolic compounds (20.84 ± 2.18 mg GAE/g), total flavones (11.39 ± 2.48 mg QE/g) and condensed tannins (1.98 ± 1.55 mg CE/g), and was also the richest in quercetin (3.32 ± 1.25 mg/g), kaempferol (1.84 ± 1.63 mg/g), luteolin (2.12 ± 1.19 mg/g), rutin (4.38 ± 1.84 mg/g) and apigenin (1.91 ± 1.44 mg/g). The root extract had the highest content of phenolic acids, including ferulic acid (3.86 ± 1.37 mg/g), vanillic acid (2.53 ± 1.76 mg/g) and caffeic acid (3.28 ± 1.28 mg/g). The antioxidant activity was highest in the leaves extract, with values of 276.2 ± 3.4 µmol TE/g (ABTS) and 246.4 ± 3.6 µmol TE/g (DPPH). The whole-plant extracts showed intermediate values, offering a balance between flavonoids and phenolic acids. Hydrogels formulated with 5% extracts demonstrated stability and sustained antioxidant activity over time. Leaf extracts, due to their high flavonoid content, are recommended for formulations with antioxidant and photoprotective effects, while root extracts are suitable for anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial applications. Hydrogels obtained based on 2% carbopol represent a promising delivery system for dermato-cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications because they exhibited significant antioxidant action.

Keywords

• polyphenolic compounds
• flavonoids
• phenolic acids
• condensed tannins
• dermato-cosmetics
• oxidative stress