Red cell autoantibodies: Selection of blood for transfusion

Abstract

Introduction: Transfusion of serological safe blood is an essential requirement in transfusion medicine. Development of anti- red blood cell antibodies remains a major problem. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted on 24237 donors and 25155 patients between August 2013 and July 2016 to determine the prevalence of RBC autoantibodies and management of autoantibody screen positive cases. Results: 19 donors (0.078%) were identified with RBC autoantibodies. 16 of 19 donors showed warm autoantibodies (WAAs), one showed cold autoagglutinin and two showed autoantibodies; type not identified. Ten patients (0.039%) were identified with autoantibodies, of which nine showed warm autoantibodies and one showed cold autoagglutinin. Conclusion: Autoantibodies are mostly formed against the high incidence antigens and therefore react with red cells of random donors' blood, causing difficulty in interpretation of cell typing, compatibility testing, antibody detection and antibody identification. There are wide variations in testing and RBC selection practices in patients with WAAs, further studies are required to evaluate and compare different testing algorithms and transfusion strategies.

Keywords

• Alloantibodies
• alloimmunization
• direct antiglobulin test
• warm autoantibodies