Unraveling the Enigma: how can ChatGPT perform so well with language understanding, reasoning, and knowledge processing without having real knowledge or logic?

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant progress in various domains, but the quest for machines to truly understand natural language has been challenging. Traditional mainstream approaches to AI, while valuable, often struggled to achieve human-level language comprehension. However, the emergence of neural networks and the subsequent adoption of the downstream approach have revolutionized the field, as demonstrated by the powerful and successful language model, ChatGPT. The deep learning algorithms utilized in large language models (LLMs) differ significantly from those employed in traditional neural networks. This article endeavors to provide a valuable and insightful exploration of the functionality and performance of generative AI. It aims to accomplish this by offering a comprehensive, yet simplified, analysis of the underlying mathematical models used by systems such as ChatGPT. The primary objective is to explore the diverse performance capabilities of these systems across some important domains such as clinical practice. The article also sheds light on the existing gaps and limitations that impact the quality and reliability of generated answers. Furthermore, it delves into potential strategies aimed at improving the reliability and cognitive aspects of generative AI systems.

Keywords

• AI (Artificial Intelligence)
• CDSS (Clinical Decision Support Systems)
• ChatGPT
• LLM (Large Language Models)
• Neuro-symbolic Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial Intelligence generated differential diagnosis