Evaluation Techniques of Creating Coherence in Poems of Kaiser Aminpour Relying on the Theory of Halliday’s Linguistics

Abstract

AbstractOne of the linguistics theories that are utilized in present age in the analysis of literary texts is the theory of Halliday’s linguistics which is called theory of systemic - functional linguistics. Halliday’s theory in the second half of the twentieth century, in contrast to the "generative linguistics" approach, which is based on formal language like a mental and individual phenomenon.   Hallidayan called the semantic, literal, syntax and logical relationship of words as coherence of a text and believes that the coherence of the text, includes all the semantic relations by which, every piece of speech or writing can serve as text. Hence, cohesion, referred to relations that relates all elements of a sentence to the elements of other sentences. From Hallidayan's  point of view, elements of coherence of a text are divided into two parts: grammatical and lexical. Grammatical cohesion includes factors such as referrals, replacements, removals and relevancy, and lexical coherence includes repetition and collocation in literary language.  Kaiser is one of the contemporary famous poets that have composed many poets in different molds of poetry. Kaiser Manipur's poems benefit the integration due to the poet's fluency in Persian and his familiarity with the vocabulary and grammatical and lexical capacities of Persian literature. In this research, we have studied the cohesion in Kaiser Manipur's poems from two views of lexical and grammatical by using Holidaying theory of coherence as well as the techniques that the poet has applied to reach the cohesion in his poems.   The method of research in the present paper is descriptive-analytical and all the information and data has been collected from the sources of library and electronic. In this paper, we first briefly discussed the Holidaying coherence theory, and then, with a special approach to this theory, the most important techniques that Kaiser Manipur has benefited to create the coherence in his poems and poetry, analyzed and investigated.  The Research results indicate that the poems of Kaiser Manipur have a specific integration due to the poet's fluency in Persian and his familiarity with the vocabulary and grammatical and lexical capacities of Persian literature. Hence, techniques of creating coherence in two aspects of grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion in Kaiser Manipur's poetry are considerable. Grammatical coherence in his poems is achieved through techniques such as references, omission, and relevance. And the techniques of lexica coherence in his poems are: using phonemes, repeating the words, pun, repeated sentence, the balance, the heart of the matter, proportion, contrast, sequence and so on.   Kaiser Aminpour has widely used the techniques of lexical and grammatical coherence in his poems, so that in most of his poems we can see several techniques used together in a way to reach the mentioned coherence. Hence, we can say he is a poet who knows his language as well as words and has the complete power of selection and combination of words and sentences. And his poems are very coherent and the sentences and phrases are intertwined and related to each other in his poetry.Keywords: Kaiser Aminpour, Hallidayan, functional linguistics, grammatical cohesion, lexical cohesion.References 1.     Abdollahi, Manije (2005). Vertical link and semantic cohesion in the ghazals of Hafez. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Shiraz, (Vol. 22). No 3(44). P.p: 124- 134. 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