Sodium Chloride and Its Influence on the Aroma Profile of Yeasted Bread

Abstract

The impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration on the yeast activity in bread dough and its influence on the aroma profile of the baked bread was investigated. Key aroma compounds in the bread samples were analysed by two-dimensional high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in combination with solvent-assisted flavour evaporation distillation. High-sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry was used to detect and quantify 2-phenylethanol in the headspace of the bread dough during fermentation. The analyses revealed significant (p < 0.05) changes in the aroma compounds 2-phenylethanol, (E)-2-nonenal, and 2,4-(E,E)-decadienal. Descriptive sensory analysis and discriminating triangle tests revealed that significant differences were only determinable in samples with different yeast levels but not samples with different NaCl concentrations. This indicates that a reduction in NaCl does not significantly influence the aroma profile of yeasted bread at levels above the odour thresholds of the relevant compounds, thus consumers in general cannot detect an altered odour profile of low‑salt bread crumb.

Keywords

• descriptive sensory
• PTR-MS
• GC-MS
• Ehrlich pathway
• bread aroma
• salt reduction chemical compounds: 2-phenylethanol (PubChem CID: 6054)
• (E)-2-nonenal (PubChem CID: 5283335)
• 2,4-(E,E)-decadienal (PubChem CID: 5283349)