A Comparative Pharmacology Study Between the Intracolonic and Oral Routes of 5-FU Administration in a Colon Cancer-Bearing Yoshida Sarcoma Rat Model

Abstract

We prepared a colon cancer-bearing Yoshida sarcoma rat model to examine the dose-response relationship of antitumor activity of intracolonically or orally administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 45, 30, 20, 13, and 8 mg/kg). At doses of ≥20 mg/kg and ≥30 mg/kg, the 5-FU intracolonic and oral administration groups each showed a statistically significant difference in antitumor activity against the control group (P<0.05, Williams’ test). A statistically significant dose-response relationship was noted in the two routes of administration, with an ED50 value of 29 mg/kg. White blood cell count tended to decrease at high doses when 5-FU was administered intracolonically and showed a statistically significant decrease at doses of ≥30 mg/kg when 5-FU was administered orally. Regarding the time-course of body weight, even the 5-FU highest dose (45 mg/kg) intracolonic administration group showed no inhibited body weight increase compared to the control group. However, the 5-FU (≥20 mg/kg) oral administration groups showed a statistically significant difference in body weight increase against the control group. These facts suggested that the intracolonic administration of 5-FU, while exhibiting more potent antitumor activity than that observed in oral administration, allows an extensive reduction in its toxicities compared to oral administration. Keywords:: 5-FU, pharmacological evaluation, intracolonic administration, colon cancer, oral administration