Effects of a 12-Month Treatment with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Oxidant and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Vaia Lambadiari,
John Thymis,
Dimitris Kouretas,
Zoi Skaperda,
Fotios Tekos,
Foteini Kousathana,
Aikaterini Kountouri,
Konstantinos Balampanis,
John Parissis,
Ioanna Andreadou,
Maria Tsoumani,
Christina Chania,
Konstantinos Katogiannis,
George Dimitriadis,
Aristotelis Bamias,
Ignatios Ikonomidis
Affiliations
Vaia Lambadiari
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
John Thymis
2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
Dimitris Kouretas
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
Zoi Skaperda
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
Fotios Tekos
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
Foteini Kousathana
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
Aikaterini Kountouri
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Balampanis
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
John Parissis
2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
Ioanna Andreadou
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
Maria Tsoumani
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
Christina Chania
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Katogiannis
2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
George Dimitriadis
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
Aristotelis Bamias
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit and Diabetes Centre, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
Ignatios Ikonomidis
2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
Imbalance between oxidative stress burden and antioxidant capacity is implicated in the course of atherosclerosis among type 2 diabetic patients. We addressed the effects of insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), and their combination on levels of oxidant and antioxidant biomarkers. We recruited a total of 160 type 2 diabetics, who received insulin (n = 40), liraglutide (n = 40), empagliflozin (n = 40), or their combination (GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i) (n = 40). We measured at baseline, at 4 and at 12 months of treatment: (a) Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), (b) Malondialdehyde (MDA), (c) Reducing Power (RP), (d) 2,2¢-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS) and (e) Total Antioxidant Capacity TAC). Dual treatment resulted in significant improvement of TBARS, MDA, and ABTS at four months compared with the other groups (p p p p p p < 0.05).12-month treatment with GLP1-RA and SGLT2i resulted in reduction of biomarkers responsible for oxidative modifications and increase of antioxidant biomarker, respectively. The combination treatment was superior and additive to each separate agent and also the beneficial effects appeared earlier.
