A review on gold nanoparticles: Biological synthesis, characterizations, and analytical applications

Abstract

Nature is considered as biological laboratory for the abundance in plants, algae, virus, yeast, and fungi. These biological resources are being used for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Biological synthesis of AuNPs is popular amongst conventional chemical and physical methods for the availability of natural components. Bio-assisted AuNPs have vast of applications in analytical and electroanalytical fields for the separation of proteins, detection of toxic chemicals, and tracing of heavy metals in various samples. The synthesized AuNPs are characterized by means of various analytical techniques for the information about morphology, functional groups, stability, elemental composition, and crystallinity. Therefore, the purport of this review was to recapitulate the bio-synthesis of AuNPs and their analytical applications for a researcher in material science.

Keywords

• Gold nanoparticles
• Biological synthesis
• Characterizations
• Analytical applications