COVID‐19‐related chemosensory changes: Findings from a prospective national database

Abstract

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to review findings from a large prospective national database of chemosensory disturbances associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. Data Sources The Virginia Commonwealth University Smell and Taste Center national database of COVID‐19 chemosensory disturbances. Methods A series of online surveys, first opened on April 10, 2020, was made accessible nationwide to any adult with sudden chemosensory dysfunction since January 2020. Participants received subsequent follow‐up surveys 14 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after enrollment. An additional survey was sent to all participants on May 28, 2022 to assess long‐term outcomes. Information pertaining to demographics, symptoms, comorbidities, treatments, and life impact was collected. Results Of 363 participants who reported complete smell recovery, 51.2% recovered within 1 month, 70% within 3 months, and 79% within 6 months, while 8.8% took over 1 year to completely recover. Among all participants, 7.5% had no smell recovery. Positive predictors of recovery included age <40, male gender, and the presence of nasal congestion. Negative predictors included difficulty breathing and prior head injury. Many participants reported a decrease in quality of life and the presence of potential safety hazards associated with decreased smell loss. Conclusions Most subjects with COVID‐19‐related chemosensory dysfunction recover, with the majority noting complete recovery within weeks of infection. Those aged over 40 years and female gender were associated with lower rates of recovery. A considerable number of participants reported significant impact on quality of life and safety.

Keywords

• anosmia
• COVID‐19
• smell