Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 antibody reactivity to natural exposure and inactivated vaccination with peptide microarrays

Peiyan Zheng; Peiyan Zheng; Jing Ma; Jing Ma; Jing Ma; Jiao Yang; Baolin Liao; Zhangkai J. Cheng; Zhangkai J. Cheng; Mingshan Xue; Mingshan Xue; Shiyun Li; Shiyun Li; Yanting Fang; Yanting Fang; Runpei Lin; Runpei Lin; Guizhen Zhang; Guizhen Zhang; Huimin Huang; Huimin Huang; Fengyu Hu; Hongwei Ma; Baoqing Sun; Baoqing Sun

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1079960

Frontiers in Immunology (Feb 2023)

Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 antibody reactivity to natural exposure and inactivated vaccination with peptide microarrays

Peiyan Zheng,
Peiyan Zheng,
Jing Ma,
Jing Ma,
Jing Ma,
Jiao Yang,
Baolin Liao,
Zhangkai J. Cheng,
Zhangkai J. Cheng,
Mingshan Xue,
Mingshan Xue,
Shiyun Li,
Shiyun Li,
Yanting Fang,
Yanting Fang,
Runpei Lin,
Runpei Lin,
Guizhen Zhang,
Guizhen Zhang,
Huimin Huang,
Huimin Huang,
Fengyu Hu,
Hongwei Ma,
Baoqing Sun,
Baoqing Sun

Affiliations

Peiyan Zheng: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Peiyan Zheng: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Jing Ma: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Jing Ma: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Jing Ma: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
Jiao Yang: Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
Baolin Liao: Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Zhangkai J. Cheng: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Zhangkai J. Cheng: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Mingshan Xue: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Mingshan Xue: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Shiyun Li: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Shiyun Li: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Yanting Fang: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Yanting Fang: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Runpei Lin: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Runpei Lin: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guizhen Zhang: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Guizhen Zhang: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Huimin Huang: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Huimin Huang: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Fengyu Hu: Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Hongwei Ma: Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
Baoqing Sun: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Baoqing Sun: Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1079960
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14

Abstract

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ObjectiveVaccination is effective tool for preventing and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infections, and inactivated vaccines are the most widely used type of vaccine. In order to identify antibody-binding peptide epitopes that can distinguish between individuals who have been vaccinated and those who have been infected, this study aimed to compare the immune responses of vaccinated and infected individuals.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 peptide microarrays were used to assess the differences between 44 volunteers inoculated with the inactivated virus vaccine BBIBP-CorV and 61 patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Clustered heatmaps were used to identify differences between the two groups in antibody responses to peptides such as M1, N24, S15, S64, S82, S104, and S115. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine whether a combined diagnosis with S15, S64, and S104 could effectively distinguish infected patients from vaccinated individuals.ResultsOur findings showed that the specific antibody responses against S15, S64, and S104 peptides were stronger in vaccinators than in infected persons, while responses to M1, N24, S82, and S115 were weaker in asymptomatic patients than in symptomatic patients. Additionally, two peptides (N24 and S115) were found to correlate with the levels of neutralizing antibodies.ConclusionOur results suggest that antibody profiles specific to SARS-CoV-2 can be used to distinguish between vaccinated individuals and those who are infected. The combined diagnosis with S15, S64, and S104 was found to be more effective in distinguishing infected patients from those who have been vaccinated than the diagnosis using individual peptides. Moreover, the specific antibody responses against the N24 and S115 peptides were found to be consistent with the changing trend of neutralizing antibodies.

Published in Frontiers in Immunology

ISSN: 1664-3224 (Online)
Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Medicine: Internal medicine: Specialties of internal medicine: Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Website: http://journal.frontiersin.org/journal/immunology

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