Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, United States
To understand how arousal state impacts cerebral hemodynamics and neurovascular coupling, we monitored neural activity, behavior, and hemodynamic signals in un-anesthetized, head-fixed mice. Mice frequently fell asleep during imaging, and these sleep events were interspersed with periods of wake. During both NREM and REM sleep, mice showed large increases in cerebral blood volume ([HbT]) and arteriole diameter relative to the awake state, two to five times larger than those evoked by sensory stimulation. During NREM, the amplitude of bilateral low-frequency oscillations in [HbT] increased markedly, and coherency between neural activity and hemodynamic signals was higher than the awake resting and REM states. Bilateral correlations in neural activity and [HbT] were highest during NREM, and lowest in the awake state. Hemodynamic signals in the cortex are strongly modulated by arousal state, and changes during sleep are substantially larger than sensory-evoked responses.
