Gonarthrosis and Coxarthrosis on the Background of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Osteoarthritis has a great medical, social and economic influence on the society, and the most topical problem is considered to be knee and hip joint diseases, since gonarthrosis (GA) and coxarthrosis (CA) are the most disabling localizations of the pathological process. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the independent risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis. The aim of this research was the comparative evaluation of clinical, radiological and sonographic signs of GA and CA in patients with different types of DM and without it, the study of correlations between bone-destructive characteristics and the disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism, including physical-chemical integral indices, the determination of the effect of DM on the rates of the progression of changes in the knee and hip joints. Material and methods. There were 153 patients with osteoarthritis, who were divided into two groups. The first (main) group consisted of 47 people (16 men and 31 women aged 25 to 72 years) with DM, and the second (control) one — of 106 patients without DM (83 men and 23 women aged 32 to 73 years). Results. DM in patients with osteoarthritis determines the number of affected joints in the form of polyarthrosis, not only starting, but also morning stiffness, the increase of the frequency of some roentgenosonographic signs of the articular syndrome, the severity of the involvement of the spine, knee and hip joints in the process that depends on the rates of insulinemia and glycated hemoglobin in the blood. The development of GA and CA is often observed in DM type 2, which is more aggressive factor as for the hip joint disease, while mainly DM type 1 in patients with GA causes tendosynovitis and enthesopathy, and the severity of synovitis is associated with diabetic macro- and microangiopathy in these cases. The presence of DM in patients with GA influences the formation of osteocystosis, subchondral sclerosis, osteoporosis, intraarticular calcifications, ligamentosis and intraarticular cartilage flaps. Conclusions. DM has an impact on the course of the GA and CA, and the detection of the disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in such joint pathology can have a practical significance as a risk factor of some structural changes of articular and periarticular tissues.

Keywords

• osteoarthritis
• knee and hip joint
• diabetes mellitus