EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS CONCERNING THE IMPLICATIONS OF SMOKING ON THE PERIODONTIUM

Abstract

Introduction. Numerous studies have revealed the connection between various oral disease and smoking, and there is a concern to raise public awareness of the harmful effects of smoking. The mechanisms which smoking acts in periodontal disease are not fully elucidated. It has been shown that there is a qualitative change in the microorganisms involved in the production of periodontal disease in smokers. Material and method. There were 40 patients, 18 female and 22 male subjects aged 18-28 who underwent examination and treatment. The evaluation was based on a general data collection questionnaire, combined with OPG radiographs and supplemented by a rigorous clinical examination. As additional investigations, determination of the plasma level of reactive C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed. For the diagnosis of pathogens related to the occurrence and progression of periodontitis, the PET test (Periodontitis/Periimplantitis Patogen Test) was used. Results and discussions. The higher the consumption of tobacco, it was found that the periodontal disease was more severe. Consumption of up to 10 cigarettes per day determine in marginal periodontium changes, but quitting smoking makes periodontal disease more responsive to treatment than large smokers who, even if they do not, have a modified local reactivity. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm that smoking has a masking effect of inflammatory phenomena at the periodontium level by reducing the periodontal haemorrhagic response. Smoking affects the subgingival bacterial profile, being responsible for decreasing the number of beneficial bacteria and increasing parodontopathogenic bacteria.

Keywords

• periodontal disease
• smoking