Breeding Substrate Containing Distillation Residues of Mediterranean Medicinal Aromatic Plants Modulates the Effects of <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> as Fishmeal Substitute on Blood Signal Transduction and WBC Activation of Gilthead Seabream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>)
Efthimia Antonopoulou,
Markos Kolygas,
Nikolas Panteli,
Evangelia Gouva,
Panagiota Kontogeorgiou,
Konstantinos Feidantsis,
Achilleas Chatzopoulos,
Konstantina Bitchava,
Christos Zacharis,
Eleftherios Bonos,
Ilias Giannenas,
Ioannis Skoufos,
Stefanos S. Andreadis,
Georgios Skoulakis,
Christos G. Athanassiou,
Cosmas Nathanailides
Affiliations
Efthimia Antonopoulou
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Markos Kolygas
Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
Nikolas Panteli
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Evangelia Gouva
Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
Panagiota Kontogeorgiou
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Konstantinos Feidantsis
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Achilleas Chatzopoulos
Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Konstantina Bitchava
Laboratory of Applied Hydrobiology, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
Christos Zacharis
Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
Eleftherios Bonos
Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
Ilias Giannenas
School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Ioannis Skoufos
Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
Stefanos S. Andreadis
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, 57001 Thermi, Greece
Georgios Skoulakis
AgriScienceGEO, Melpomenis Str. P.O. Box 60561, Industrial Area of Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Christos G. Athanassiou
Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece
Cosmas Nathanailides
Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece
This work assesses the dietary use of two insect meals of Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae reared in conventional (TM-10) or MAP-enriched substrates (MAP-TM-10) as fish meal replacements (10%) in the diets of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Fish (n = 4500; 207.19 ± 1.47 g) were divided into three groups with triplicates: control (fed conventional diet), TM-10, and MAP-TM-10 groups. The fish were reared in floating cages for 12 weeks and the dietary effects on white blood cell activation, heat shock proteins, MAPKs, and apoptosis of the fish were evaluated. The MAP-TM-10 group exhibited the highest eosinophilic induction. Phosphorylated levels of p38 MAPK, p44/42 MAPK, HSP70, and HSP90 increased in the TM-10 and MAP-TM-10 groups. In terms of apoptosis, Bax levels were lower in the TM groups compared to the control, and the MAP-TM-10 group showed even lower levels than the TM-10 group. Bcl-2 levels increased in the TM-10 group compared to the control, and further increased in the MAP-TM-10 group. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, an apoptosis indicator, decreased in the TM groups, with the MAP-TM-10 group showing a further decrease compared to TM-10. These findings suggest that insects’ breeding substrate being enriched with MAPs modulated the effect of TM on cellular stress and apoptosis.
