Evolution of zoning philosophy for emergency planning around nuclear power plants

Abstract

Emergency planning zones (EPZs) serve as vital geographic framework within nuclear emergency preparedness and response (EPR) strategies, facilitating the swift implementation of protective measures across varying levels of urgency during nuclear emergencies. Over the years, nations have undergone thorough reassessments of these zones, in the light of evolving evaluation methods, reactor technology, and lessons learned from accidents, leading to the refinement of methodologies for delineating EPZ distances. Adherence to the International Atomic Energy Agency safety guidelines regarding EPZ size has demonstrated effectiveness in protecting both the public and environment surrounding existing nuclear power plants. As the landscape of nuclear energy evolves with the advent of small modular reactors, characterized by reduced power capacity and innovative safety features, there is enough potential for smaller EPZs. However, the determination of EPZ also depends on national policies, public acceptance, and nuanced risk criteria. This paper seeks to synthesize current insights into the evolution of EPZs and explores avenues for resizing them to accommodate emerging reactor technologies. Its findings hold relevance for reactor designers, risk analysts, and experts in nuclear EPR, offering guidance for future planning and implementation efforts.

Keywords

• emergency planning zone
• emergency preparedness and response
• extended planning distance
• ingestion and commodities planning distance
• nuclear power plant
• precautionary action zone
• small modular reactors
• urgent protective action planning zone