Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Mar 2024)
The Relationship Between Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
Xiaoli Zhu,1 Yijun Chen,1 Mingan Zhu,2 Jinxi Hu3 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Oncological Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mingan Zhu, Department of Medical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13872767288, Email [email protected] Jinxi Hu, Department of Oncological Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, No. 150 Ximen Road of Linhai, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, 317000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18257689350, Email [email protected]: Prior research has established an association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and dyslipidemia, serving as a significant marker for predicting cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, the connection between sdLDL-C and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear.Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 23,187 individuals who underwent health checkups at Taizhou Hospital’s health management center. Here, we investigated the relationship between sdLDL-C and MetS, along with its components, utilizing Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, logistic regression, and mediation analysis.Results: The MetS group exhibited significantly higher level of sdLDL-C compared to the non-MetS group (P< 0.001). We observed a strong correlation between sdLDL-C and several key factors: TG (r = 0.711), TC (r = 0.672), LDL-C (r = 0.781), GGT (r = 0.420), and HDL-C (r = − 0.417). After adjusting for age and gender, the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for MetS incidence in the second, third, and fourth quartiles versus the first quartile of sdLDL-C concentration were 2.264 (95% CI: 1.851, 2.770), 4.053 (95% CI: 3.350, 4.903), and 9.034 (95% CI: 7.531, 10.837). The optimal cut-off value for diagnosing MetS using sdLDL-C was determined to be 0.98 mmol/L, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.716 (95% CI: 0.705, 0.726). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that sdLDL-C mediated a 12.8% correlation between GGT and TG concentration.Conclusion: The sdLDL-C is correlated with MetS and it can successfully mediate the relationship between GGT and TG. Our data suggests that sdLDL-c and GGT are suitable parameters for preventing and monitoring MetS.Keywords: metabolic syndrome, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mediation analysis, GGT
