Clinical Interventions in Aging (Mar 2023)
The PAPA Questionnaire: Assessment of Long-Term Engagement in Activities, with Separate Quantification of Their Physical, Cognitive, and Social Components
Abstract
Gilles Loggia,1,2 Alice Pellichero,3 Ilona Moutoussamy,4,5 Rémy Morello,6 Kristell Pothier,1,4 Chantal Chavoix1 1COMETE, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Caen, 14000, France; 2Department of Geriatrics, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14000, France; 3Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC, G1M 2S8, Canada; 4EA 2114, Psychologie des Âges de la Vie et Adaptation, University of Tours, Tours, 37000, France; 5UMR CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherche sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage, University of Tours and University of Poitiers, Tours, 37000, France; 6Department of Statistics and Clinical Research, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14000, FranceCorrespondence: Gilles Loggia, INSERM-UniCaen U1075, COMETE, PFRS, 3 rue des Rochambelles, Caen, Cedex, 140320, France, Tel +33 2 31 06 82 14, Fax +33 2 31 06 82 19, Email [email protected]: Engagement in activities promotes healthy living. Evaluating it is a challenging issue. Assessing engagement in activities while differentiating the physical, cognitive, and social component of each activity and taking into account the intensity level involved in each of the three components would be very relevant. Since none of the currently available cognitive reserve and questionnaires on the activities practiced takes into consideration both points, the purpose of this new questionnaire, called Pertinent Activities Practice in Adults (PAPA) questionnaire, is to fill these gaps.Patients and Methods: The questionnaire was developed through a literature review and interviews with older adults (n=177 ≥ 55 years). The intensity level of each item (none, light, moderate, or high) was determined by the compendium of physical activities for the physical component and consensus for the cognitive and social components, then validated by 56 professional experts (6 groups: physiotherapists, neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, geriatricians, etc.).Results: The PAPA questionnaire includes 75 items that give rise to 4 scores (sedentary lifestyle and physical, cognitive, and social activity scores) weighted by the frequency, duration, and intensity level for each component. The weighted percentage of agreement of the expert groups for the intensity levels was never significantly lower than the minimum target threshold (80% of the hypothetical median) except in a single domain (cognitive) for an expert group non-specialized in cognition. Cronbach’s alpha was ≥ 0.85.Conclusion: This questionnaire, which assesses long-term engagement in activities, with separate quantification of the physical, cognitive, and social components of a wide range of activities, should help guide actions to promote healthy aging and reduce dementia risk.Keywords: sedentary behavior, physical activity, social participation, intellectual activity, cognitive reserve, evaluation
