PLoS ONE (Jan 2014)

Metabolic signatures of cultured human adipocytes from metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obese individuals.

  • Anja Böhm,
  • Anna Halama,
  • Tobias Meile,
  • Marty Zdichavsky,
  • Rainer Lehmann,
  • Cora Weigert,
  • Andreas Fritsche,
  • Norbert Stefan,
  • Alfred Königsrainer,
  • Hans-Ulrich Häring,
  • Martin Hrabě de Angelis,
  • Jerzy Adamski,
  • Harald Staiger

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093148
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 4
p. e93148

Abstract

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Background and aimsAmong obese subjects, metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity (MHO/MUHO) can be differentiated: the latter is characterized by whole-body insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and subclinical inflammation. Aim of this study was, to identify adipocyte-specific metabolic signatures and functional biomarkers for MHO versus MUHO.Methods10 insulin-resistant (IR) vs. 10 insulin-sensitive (IS) non-diabetic morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m2) Caucasians were matched for gender, age, BMI, and percentage of body fat. From subcutaneous fat biopsies, primary preadipocytes were isolated and differentiated to adipocytes in vitro. About 280 metabolites were investigated by a targeted metabolomic approach intracellularly, extracellularly, and in plasma.Results/interpretationAmong others, aspartate was reduced intracellularly to one third (p = 0.0039) in IR adipocytes, pointing to a relative depletion of citric acid cycle metabolites or reduced aspartate uptake in MUHO. Other amino acids, already known to correlate with diabetes and/or obesity, were identified to differ between MUHO's and MHO's adipocytes, namely glutamine, histidine, and spermidine. Most species of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were lower in MUHO's extracellular milieu, though simultaneously elevated intracellularly, e.g., PC aa C32∶3, pointing to increased PC synthesis and/or reduced PC release. Furthermore, altered arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was found: 15(S)-HETE (15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid; 0 vs. 120pM; p = 0.0014), AA (1.5-fold; p = 0.0055) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22∶6; 2-fold; p = 0.0033) were higher in MUHO. This emphasizes a direct contribution of adipocytes to local adipose tissue inflammation. Elevated DHA, as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, might be a hint for counter-regulatory mechanisms in MUHO.Conclusion/interpretationWe identified adipocyte-inherent metabolic alterations discriminating between MHO and MUHO.