Tobacco consumption and premenstrual syndrome: A case-control study.

Abstract

ObjectiveTo assess whether tobacco smoking is associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and its most severe form, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD).DesignCase-control study with incident cases using the Spanish public healthcare system.Setting3 major public hospitals and one family counseling and planning center.PopulationWomen consulting for troubles related to menstruation and for other motives such as screening for uterine cancer, contraception counseling or desire for pregnancy.MethodsLogistic regression.Main outcome measuresOdds Ratios of PMS and PMDD.Results285 incident PMS cases and 285 age-matched controls on the one hand, and 88 incident PMDD cases and 176 controls on the other hand participated in the study. The odds of premenstrual disorders was higher in current smokers compared with never smokers: Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20-2.63 for PMS and OR = 2.92, 95%CI: 1.55-5.50 for PMDD. For PMS, women who smoke 1 to 5 cigarettes/day presented an OR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.57-5.06 and those who smoke more than 15 cigarettes/day an OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 0.99-6.40. Compared to non-smokers, current and ex-smokers who smoked ConclusionsThis study shows that smokers are more likely to develop PMS and PMDD.