Научный журнал Российского НИИ проблем мелиорации (Nov 2019)
ON ISSUE OF THE LAND RECLAMATION IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Abstract
Aim: the substantiation of necessity of land reclamation as the key element affecting the increase in agricultural production and sustainable development of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation. Materials and Methods: the works of scientists in the field of land reclamation, statistical data, etc. are used. Results: the data of changes in reclaimed areas, including irrigated lands in Russia and in the world are presented. The impact of adverse weather factors on agricultural production is described. The increase in the average yield of grain crops on the basis of creating an optimal water regime by irrigation is studied. It was found that it is 33 % higher than the increase in the average yield of non-irrigated crops. The natural-agricultural zoning, assessment of biological productivity of land resources, water availability of territories and the influence of these factors on the fluctuations of irrigated and rainfed crop yields is presented. The analysis of the impact of adverse weather conditions in the form of drought on a sharp fall in crop yields. The studies conducted in Krasnodar territory, Rostov and Astrakhan regions show that in rainfed agriculture under adverse weather conditions wheat yield fluctuations are 20.5; 32.5 and 50.2 %, respectively, which leads to unstable operation of the agro-industrial complex of these regions, and it can be concluded on the basis of induction judgments that this is true to the agro-industrial complex of the whole country. Conclusions: to obtain a high level of productivity it is necessary to develop the reclamation complex further and increase the areas of reclaimed land; the decrease in the growth of irrigated land leads to a decrease in sustainable agricultural production and, in general, to a decrease in the stable development of agro-industrial complex of the country.
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