Towards associating negative experiences and recommendations reported by Hajj pilgrims in a mass-scale survey
Adnan Quaium,
Najla Abdulrahman Al-Nabhan,
Masfiqur Rahaman,
Saiful Islam Salim,
Tarik Reza Toha,
Jannatun Noor,
Mainul Hossain,
Nafisa Islam,
Aaiyeesha Mostak,
Md Shihabul Islam,
Md. Masum Mushfiq,
Ishrat Jahan,
A.B.M. Alim Al Islam
Affiliations
Adnan Quaium
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
Najla Abdulrahman Al-Nabhan
Department of Computer Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
Masfiqur Rahaman
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.
Saiful Islam Salim
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
Tarik Reza Toha
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
Jannatun Noor
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
Mainul Hossain
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Computing for Sustainability and Social Good (C2SG) Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, 22222, Bangladesh
Nafisa Islam
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
Aaiyeesha Mostak
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
Md Shihabul Islam
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
Md. Masum Mushfiq
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
Ishrat Jahan
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
A.B.M. Alim Al Islam
Next-generation Computing (NeC) Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
The annual Hajj presents diversified negative experiences to millions of pilgrims worldwide. The negative experiences and recommendations to overcome them as per pilgrims' feedback are yet to be analyzed from an aggregated perspective in the literature, which we do in this paper. To do so, first, we perform a large-scale survey (n=988) using our comprehensive questionnaire. Then, we perform both quantitative (e.g., clustering) and qualitative (e.g., thematic) analyses on the survey data. Our quantitative analysis reveals up to seven clusters of negative experiences. Further, going beyond the quantitative analysis, our qualitative analysis reveals 21 types of negative experiences, 20 types of recommendations, and nine themes connecting the negative experiences and recommendations. Accordingly, we reveal associations among the negative experiences and recommendations based on the themes in thematic analysis and present the associations through a tripartite graph. However, we have some limitations in this study, such as fewer female and young participants. In future, we plan to collect more responses from female and young participants and extend our work by analyzing linkages in the tripartite graph by augmenting the edges within the graph with appropriate weights. Overall, the findings of this study are expected to facilitate the prioritization of tasks for the management personnel in charge of the Hajj pilgrimage.
