Chemical and sensory analyses of cultivated pork fat tissue as a flavor enhancer for meat alternatives

Abstract

Abstract The emerging field of cellular agriculture has accelerated the development of cell-cultivated adipose tissue as an additive to enhance the flavor of alternative meat products. However, there has been limited research to evaluate the sensory profile of in vitro-grown tissues compared to conventionally obtained animal fat. This study aimed to investigate the aromatic characteristics of cell-cultivated fat tissue as a flavor enhancer for meat alternatives. Porcine dedifferentiated fat (PDFAT) cells were clonally isolated and differentiated into adipocytes. This cultured adipose tissue was then analyzed alongside native porcine fat using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with descriptive sensory analysis by human consumers. This evaluation enabled quantitative and qualitative assessments of volatile compounds released during cooking for both in vitro and in vivo porcine fats. The volatile profiles generated during the cooking process and fatty aroma characteristics reported by sensory consumers were largely similar between the two fat sources, with some differences in select compounds and aroma attributes. Ultimately, the consumers found comparable overall liking scores reported between the conventional and cultured porcine fats. These findings provide valuable sensory evidence supporting the viability of cell-cultivated adipose tissue as a flavor component of meat alternatives, substituting for conventional animal fat.