Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Various Propolis Samples Collected from an African and an Asian Region and Their Impact on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities
Soumaya Touzani,
Hamada Imtara,
Shankar Katekhaye,
Hamza Mechchate,
Hayat Ouassou,
Ali S. Alqahtani,
Omar M. Noman,
Fahd A. Nasr,
Hugo Fearnley,
James Fearnley,
Anant Paradkar,
Ilham ElArabi,
Badiaa Lyoussi
Affiliations
Soumaya Touzani
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco
Hamada Imtara
Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
Shankar Katekhaye
Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
Hamza Mechchate
Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
Hayat Ouassou
Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
Ali S. Alqahtani
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Omar M. Noman
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Fahd A. Nasr
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Hugo Fearnley
Nature’s Laboratory Ltd., Unit 3b, Enterprise Way, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO22 4NH, UK
James Fearnley
Nature’s Laboratory Ltd., Unit 3b, Enterprise Way, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO22 4NH, UK
Anant Paradkar
Nature’s Laboratory Ltd., Unit 3b, Enterprise Way, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO22 4NH, UK
Ilham ElArabi
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco
Badiaa Lyoussi
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, P.O. Box 1796, Fez 30000, Morocco
The biological activities of propolis samples are the result of many bioactive compounds present in the propolis. The aim of the present study was to determine the various chemical compounds of some selected propolis samples collected from Palestine and Morocco by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Photodiode Array Detection (HPLC-PDA) method, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this bee product. The chemical analysis of propolis samples by HPLC-PDA shows the cinnamic acid content in the Palestinian sample is higher compared to that in Moroccan propolis. The results of antioxidant activity demonstrated an important free radical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and reducing power assays) with EC50 values ranging between 0.02 ± 0.001 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Additionally, all tested propolis samples possessed a moderate antibacterial activity against bacterial strains. Notably, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) values ranged from 0.31 to 2.50 mg/mL for Gram-negative bacterial strains and from 0.09 to 0.125 mg/mL for Gram-positive bacterial strains. The S2 sample from Morocco and the S4 sample from Palestine had the highest content of polyphenol level. Thus, the strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties were apparently due to the high total phenolic and flavone/flavonol contents in the samples. As a conclusion, the activities of propolis samples collected from both countries are similar, while the cinnamic acid in the Palestinian samples was more than that of the Moroccan samples.
