Prehistoric mining tools of the variscite mines of Palazuelo de las Cuevas (Zamora) and Pico Centeno (Huelva). A comparative analysis

Abstract

This paper shows the prehistoric mining tools recovered during the archaeological field-walking surveys and excavations of the variscite mines’ of Palazuelo de las Cuevas (Aliste disctrict, Zamora) and Pico Centeno (Encinasola, Huelva). Knapped stone mining tools are not absent of the Iberian prehistoric mines, but they appear in low frequency and, probably for that reason, had not attracted scholars’ attention. A way to inquire on the morphological characteristics and technological qualities of these objects is through the so called analysis of techno-functional units. Technique, shape, function, and use-wear distributions are identified along the artefact’s techno-functional units in order to propose how these tools were used. This approach shows, among other aspects, how ancient miners designed and used multifunctional tools. Regarding the comparison of the ensembles from these two mining districts there are enough differences as for considering them as two independent technological traditions. It is argued that these differences are most probably related to the different scale of production calculated between Palazuelo de las Cuevas and Pico Centeno.

Keywords

• península ibérica
• prehistoria reciente
• arqueología de la minería
• macro-utillaje
• unidad tecno-funcional