Associations between Dietary Patterns and Cardiometabolic Risks in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey, 2011–2015
Enbo Ma,
Tetsuya Ohira,
Akira Sakai,
Seiji Yasumura,
Atsushi Takahashi,
Junichiro Kazama,
Michio Shimabukuro,
Hironori Nakano,
Kanako Okazaki,
Masaharu Maeda,
Hirooki Yabe,
Yuriko Suzuki,
Kenji Kamiya
Affiliations
Enbo Ma
Health Promotion Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Tetsuya Ohira
Health Promotion Center, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Akira Sakai
Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Seiji Yasumura
Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Atsushi Takahashi
Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Junichiro Kazama
Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Michio Shimabukuro
Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Hironori Nakano
Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Kanako Okazaki
Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Masaharu Maeda
Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Hirooki Yabe
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Yuriko Suzuki
Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
Kenji Kamiya
Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
Cardiometabolic risks were increasing in Fukushima residents after the Great East Japan Earthquake. We examined the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risks in those aged ≥16 years. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis for participants who underwent at least one diet assessment using a short-form food frequency questionnaire during 2011−2013 and a health checkup in 2014 and 2015 (n = 15,409 and 14,999, respectively). In 2014, the adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the highest versus lowest quartile of accumulative mean scores were 0.97 (0.96−0.99) for overweight/obesity, 0.96 (0.95−0.97) for total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 220 mg/dL, 0.96 (0.95−0.98) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 140 mg/dL, and 0.97 (0.96−0.99) for triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL for a vegetable diet and 1.03 (1.01−1.04) for TC ≥ 220 mg/dL and 1.02 (1.01−1.04) for LDL-C ≥ 140 mg/dL for a juice/milk diet. In 2015, we found consistently significant associations for the vegetable and juice/milk diets, and the PR and 95% CI were 0.99 (0.98−1.00) for HDL-C < 40 mg/dL for a meat diet. The continuous promotion of the vegetable pattern diet is necessary to reduce cardiometabolic risks, particularly dyslipidemia, in Japan.
