Effect of Anodization Time on the Adhesion Strength of Titanium Nanotubes Obtained on the Surface of the Ti–6Al–4V Alloy by Anodic Oxidation
Itzel Pamela Torres-Avila,
Roberto M. Souza,
Alexis Chino-Ulloa,
Pablo Alfredo Ruiz-Trabolsi,
Raúl Tadeo-Rosas,
Rafael Carrera-Espinoza,
Enrique Hernández-Sánchez
Affiliations
Itzel Pamela Torres-Avila
Departamento de Bioingeniería Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
Roberto M. Souza
Surface Phenomena Laboratory, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de, Sao Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil
Alexis Chino-Ulloa
Departamento de Bioingeniería Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
Pablo Alfredo Ruiz-Trabolsi
Departamento de Bioingeniería Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
Raúl Tadeo-Rosas
Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Unidad Torreón, Carretera Torreón-Matamoros, Km 7.5, Ciudad Universitaria, Ejido el Águila, Torreón Coahuila 27276, Mexico
Rafael Carrera-Espinoza
Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial y Mecánica, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula Puebla 72810, Mexico
Enrique Hernández-Sánchez
Departamento de Bioingeniería Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
In this work, titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs) were formed by anodic oxidation on the surface of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy. An electrolyte based on ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) was used. Different anodizing periods (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) with a constant potential of 60 V were established. The morphology of the TNT array was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adhesion strength of the TNTs to the Ti–6Al–4V surface was evaluated using nanoscratch tests. The critical load of the different TNT layers was determined from the analysis of the groove of the nanoindenter path. It ranged from 0 mN for the samples exposed to 10 min of anodization to 47.0 ± 3.0 mN for samples exposed to 50 min. These results indicate the TNT layers formed at 50 min presented the best substrate adhesion among the specimen tested.
