Perioperative allergy. A 3-year experience

Abstract

Background: Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions constitute a global health problem, with an estimated incidence of 1 per 100,000 procedures and a mortality rate of 0.1 to 9 %. Main risk factors are a history of allergy to other drugs, atopy, associated psychiatric disorders and previous surgeries. Objectives: To determine the frequency of sensitization and the type of drugs involved in perioperative allergy in a tertiary care hospital, over a 3-year period. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study of perioperative allergy, corroborated by skin tests for each drug and latex, of patients treated at the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Hospital General de Mexico. Results: Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with perioperative allergy were included. Main triggers were neuromuscular blocking agents (46.42 %), latex (28.52 %) and propofol (14.28 %). The main risk factor was a history of previous surgeries (89.28 %). Most perioperative allergic reactions were mild (71.42 %) and occurred within the postoperative period (60.71 %). Conclusions: Initial diagnosis and Treatment should always be carried out by the anesthesiologist or surgeon, who should focus on the withdrawal of possible causative agents.

Keywords

• alergia perioperatoria
• anafilaxia
• bloqueadores neuromusculares
• anestésicos locales
• hipnóticos
• látex