Physical Activity in Paediatric Long QT Syndrome Patients

Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) is important for cardiovascular health as well as social and emotional well-being of children. Patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) often face PA restrictions and are often prescribed beta-blockers for disease management. The aim of this study was to determine if PA levels were lower in patients with LQTS compared with healthy controls. Methods: Participants with LQTS from an inherited arrhythmia clinic completed the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (PAQ-C/A) and an exercise stress test. PAQ score (a general measure of PA for youth, unitless) and endurance time were compared with healthy controls. Results: Twenty-three patients with LQTS completed the PAQ and had an exercise stress test within a year of having completed the PAQ. No difference was observed in PAQ scores between LQTS and control groups (LQTS: 2.3 ± 0.15 vs controls: 2.3 ± 0.18; P = 0.78). There was no effect of age on PA in patients with LQTS (P > 0.05), whereas PA significantly decreased in controls with age (eg, 11-12 vs 17-20 years: 3.2 ± 0.07 vs 1.5 ± 0.08, P = 0.005). Endurance time and heart rate at peak exercise were significantly lower in patients with LQTS compared with controls (11 ± 0.5 vs 15 ± 0.5 minutes, P 0,05), tandis que le degré d’activité physique diminuait significativement avec l’âge chez les témoins (p. ex. 3,2 ± 0,07 chez les témoins de 11 à 12 ans vs 1,5 ± 0,08 chez les témoins de 17 à 20 ans, p = 0,005). Pendant l’effort maximal, le temps d’endurance était significativement plus court et la fréquence cardiaque, significativement plus basse chez les patients atteints du SQTL que chez les témoins (11 ± 0,5 vs 15 ± 0,5 minutes, p < 0,0001; 169 ± 5 vs 198 ± 2 battements par minute, p < 0,0001). Conclusions: Malgré la restriction de l’activité physique recommandée par les lignes directrices, le risque de mort subite d’origine cardiaque et l’utilisation de bêta-bloquants, dans notre cohorte de patients atteints du SQTL, le degré d’activité physique a été semblable à celui des témoins en bonne santé.