Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial (Jun 2009)

Lesões orais com potencial de malignização: análise clínica e morfológica de 205 casos Potentially malignant oral lesions: clinical and morphological analysis of 205 cases

  • Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira,
  • Maria Fernanda Fernandes Lopes,
  • Leonardo Miguel Madeira Silva,
  • Betania Fachetti Ribeiro,
  • Kenio Costa Lima,
  • Lélia Maria Guedes Queiroz

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-24442009000300008
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 45, no. 3
pp. 233 – 238

Abstract

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OBJETIVOS: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise clínica e morfológica em lesões orais com potencial de malignização. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os dados clínicos e morfológicos referentes a tais lesões foram obtidos a partir das fichas clínicas e dos laudos histopatológicos, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Dos 205 casos analisados, a lesão mais prevalente foi a leucoplasia (70,7%), seguida da queilite actínica (16,1%), eritroplasia (9,8%) e eritroleucoplasia (3,4%). Verificou-se uma associação significativa entre o sexo e as lesões (p 0,05), sendo mais frequentes nas quinta, sexta e sétima décadas de vida. Observou-se que, na maioria dos casos de eritroplasias e eritroleucoplasias, os diagnósticos clínicos foram incompatíveis com o morfológico. Verificou-se associação significativa entre transformação maligna e lesões (p OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a clinical and morphological analysis of potentially malignant oral lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The clinical and morphological data related to these lesions were obtained from clinical and histopathological records, respectively. RESULTS: Out of 205 cases, the most prevalent lesion was oral leukoplakia (70.7%), followed by actinic cheilitis (16.1%), erythroplakia (9.8%) and erythroleukoplakia (3.4%). There was a significant association between the lesions and gender (p 0.05), although they were more frequent in the 5th, 6th and 7th decades of life. In most cases of erythroplakias and erythroleukoplakias, it was observed that clinical and morphological diagnoses were incompatible. There was a significant association between malignant transformation and lesions (p < 0.001) as the erythroplakia presented a malignization rate of 20%, whereas in leukoplakias the rate was 2.1%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of potentially malignant oral lesions was similar to other findings in the medical literature, but with some differences in their epidemiological profile. It is important to highlight that these entities require further medical investigation, mainly erythroplakias, which showed high risk of malignization and the highest rate of clinical misdiagnosis.

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